Ralph Lucas (1876-1955)
Ralph
Lucas, born in Greenwich in 1876, indeed has an interesting place in the early
history of motoring as a designer and builder of motor cars. He had a small
workshop on Westcombe Hill, Blackheath in the early years of the 20th
century. His family also boasts a number of notable or local connections,
particularly his son, Colin, as well as his father and grandfather.
Ralph
was one of 3 children, with the 1881 Census shows him residing at Park Lodge,
Hervey Road, Blackheath with his father Francis R. Lucas, a telegraph engineer
and his mother Katherine M. Lucas. He
went to St. Christopher’s School in Blackheath (1887-90), followed by
Cheltenham College (1890-95) and Jesus College, Cambridge (1895-97). In 1897 he began working as a draughtsman at
Johnson & Phillips, Victoria Way, Charlton, moving up to sub-manager in
1899.
It
is at this time that his interest in motor car design and manufacturing was
beginning, with the first Motor Show exhibition at the Agricultural Hall in
Islington. His premises were located at
191A Westcombe Hill, a workshop at the rear of the houses there. The access to
it still exists and is now the site of Capital Roofing. The 1901 Census shows him boarding at 9
Eastcombe Villas, Charlton Road, with his occupation recorded as a mechanical
engineer and an employer.
He
became a member of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 1903, with his
record describing him as a motor car manufacturer and patentee. In fact, he registered 15 UK and 3 US patents
between 1899 and 1910 for a range of different engine parts.
His
place in motoring history comes as a result of the ‘Valveless’ car, developed
at his Westcombe Hill workshop and exhibited at various motor shows from 1899
to 1908. Although described at the 1907
Motor Show at Olympia as ‘an ingenious engine’, by 1908 it seems that he had
abandoned many of the distinctive features for commercial production by David
Brown of Huddersfield. It would appear
that very few models were actually made.
An
interesting insight into this period of Ralph’s life comes from a letter
published in the Motor Sport Magazine for July 1957 from C. Berner. This was Correze Aage Oscar Berner, who co-
lodged with Ralph at 18 Charlton Road in 1901.
Correze Berner worked for a short period at Johnson & Phillips with
Ralph Lucas and helped him in the development of his first motor car. In his
letter he describes Ralph as someone ‘who spent all his days and most of nights
at his small works nearby making has Valveless cars, with a truly valveless
engine, a two-stroke. The engine was a close relation of an American pump
engine his father had installed in his house in Forest Row in the Ashdown
Forest. As a budding engineer I was glad
of … the opportunity to work on a real car’.
He also describes taking the Valveless on test runs down to Forest Row.
They soon became close friends and he spent most of his free time at the
Valveless works as an unofficial draughtsman.
He went on to work for more than 30 years at the Telegraph Construction
& Maintenance Co. (Telcon) at Enderby’s Wharf, Greenwich under Ralph’s
father Francis R. Lucas.
Details
of Ralph’s career after this are sketchy.
He married his wife Mary Anderson Juler, a pianist and composer in 1903,
and lived at 18 Charlton Road and then 7 Craigerne Road between 1903 and 1911.
They had 2 sons, Anthony Ralph Lucas (b.1905) and Colin Anderson Lucas
(b.1906). In the 1911 Census the family
is recorded at Redcliffe Farm, Wareham, Dorset with Ralph’s occupation
described as a consulting engineer (motor cars). At some point he moved back to London to live
at 10 St.Germans Place, Blackheath where he lived until c.1939.
During
the First World War (1914-1919) he served as a Lieutenant with the Royal Navy
Volunteer Reserve at an Admiralty Experimental Station. Which one is not clear – there were a number
of secret establishments set up all over the country to develop the technology
used to fight the war, such as new fuels, submarine technology etc.. However,
his engineering skills would have been put to good use.
His
next recorded foray into motor manufacturing was the development of the
North-Lucas Radial in 1922 with Oliver North at the Robin Hood Engineering
Works, Putney Vale. This car was seen as
a ‘revolutionary design’, although apparently only one was built – by the
Chelsea Motor Building Co. A letter from
Eric Riddle (a close relative) in the May 1991 edition of Motor Sport magazine,
states that Ralph drove the North-Lucas Radial as his only car between 1922 and
1928, covering 65,000 miles in it.
The North
Lucas
After
this, his career appears to have changed direction. The next reference for Ralph is in connection
with his son Colin Anderson Lucas, a renowned Modernist architect. Colin’s biography describes him joining his
father’s building firm – Lucas, Lloyd & Co. - in 1929. Colin’s first house design was built for his
father in c. 1930. This was Noah’s House and Boat House, Spade Oak Reach at
Cookham, Berkshire, the first reinforced concrete building in the Modernist
style in the country and now a Grade II* listed building.
Ralph’s
father, Francis, died on 28th November 1931, leaving him a share of
his estate worth £75,697 15s 4d, with his brother Dallyn Lucas.
Ralph
lived at Noah’s House with his first wife, Mary who died in 1952, and then with
his second wife, Lillian Knight. Ralph
died on 7th May 1955, leaving £19,403 16s 01p to Lillian Lucas.
Ralph Lucas’s Family
Connections
Grandfather: Ralph
Willett Lucas (1796-1874)
Ralph
Lucas’s grandfather was born in North America – censuses vary, saying both
Canada and the US – and was a landscape painter of minor fame. Some of his work has been sold through
Bonham’s and Christie’s in recent years, including this one of Croom’s Hill:
Croom’s
Hill, Greenwich
It
is not clear when he came to this country, but he is listed in Pigot’s 1840
Directory as a teacher or professor of drawing, living in Royal Hill. He
married Charlotte Clarke at St. Alphege’s in 1844 and is shown as a widower and
an artist, living at Royal Place in the marriage entry. Other directory and census entries show that
he lived at 3 Glen Mohr Terrace, Hyde Vale from at least 1851 until his death
in 1874. The 1871 census entry records
his occupation as ‘retired ordnance officer’.
An obituary for Ralph’s brother Keith Lucas, a physiologist, records him
as having been a Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery who fought in the Battle of
Waterloo in 1815.
Father: Francis Robert
Lucas (1849-1931)
Ralph’s
father, Francis Robert Lucas, also has a place in local engineering
history. He was a telegraph engineer,
working from 1856 at the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co. (Telcon) at
Enderby’s Wharf in Greenwich. He was involved in laying submarine cable, succeeding
Henry Clifford as Chief Engineer in 1893, and becoming Managing Director in
1906 until his retirement in 1925. He participated
in the cable laying voyages of SS 'Great Eastern' in 1878; invented a wire-sounding machine which was
first used on the cable laying ship the 'Alert' in1887; invented a type of oceanographic
sounding machine in1891; patented a scoop
sounder, an instrument also known as the 'snapper' which was used when cable
laying.
Son: Colin Anderson
Lucas (1906-1984)
His
son, Colin found a degree of fame as a pioneering International Modernist
Architect, credited with designing a number of private houses in the 1930’s,
the first one for his father. He joined
the London CountyCouncil’s Architects’ Department after WW2, and was responsible
for the design of a number of large housing estates, the most notable being the
le Corbusier-influenced Alton Estate West at Roehampton. His third major project was the recently
demolished Ferrier Estate, Kidbrooke completed in 1972, the year he was awarded
his OBE.